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Introduction

Overview of Python

What is Python?

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language designed with simplicity and readability in mind. Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, Python's syntax is clear and easy to understand, making it a great choice for both beginners and experienced developers.

Key Features of Python:

  • Interpreted: Python code is executed line by line, which makes debugging easier.
  • Dynamically Typed: Variable types do not need to be explicitly declared.
  • Easy to Read and Write: Python uses indentation to define code blocks, reducing complexity.
  • Extensive Libraries: Python has a large standard library and supports third-party libraries for various tasks.

Popular Python Uses:

  • Web Development: Frameworks like Flask and Django.
  • Data Science and Machine Learning: Libraries like Pandas, NumPy, and Scikit-Learn.
  • Automation and Scripting: Automating repetitive tasks.
  • Game Development: Using libraries like Pygame.
  • Software Development: Creating small and large-scale applications.

History of Python

Python was conceived in the late 1980s and released in 1991 to address shortcomings in other languages like C and ABC. It emphasizes code readability and clean syntax.

Python 3, released in 2008, introduced significant improvements over Python 2, including better Unicode support. Python 2 was officially discontinued in 2020.

Installing Python

Step-by-step Installation Guide:

  1. Download Python: Visit Python's official website.
  2. Select Version: Choose the latest stable version (Python 3.x) for your OS.
  3. Run the Installer: Ensure to check "Add Python to PATH" during installation on Windows.
  4. Verify Installation: Open a terminal and type: python --version.

Setting up Your Development Environment

Recommended editors:

  • IDLE: Default Python editor, good for beginners.
  • VS Code: Lightweight, customizable, and widely used.
  • PyCharm: Full-featured IDE for professional Python development.

Writing Your First Python Script

Steps:

  1. Open your Python editor (e.g., VS Code).
  2. Create a new file and save it as hello_world.py.
  3. Type the following code:
print("Hello, World!")

Running Your Script:

Execute the script in the terminal:

python hello_world.py

Expected Output:

Hello, World!